Activated sludge may be define as the sludge which settled down after the sewage has been agitated freely in the presence of abundant atmospheric oxygen. There are many methods of process control at an activated sludge treatment plant. Total solids can be classified as either suspended solids or filterable solids by passing a known volume of liquid through a filter. Click download or read online button to modelling and control of activated sludge processes book pdf for free now. Activated sludge reactors are aerobic suspendedgrowth type processes in opposition to fixedfilm or attachedgrowth processes e. Most activated sludge upsets and lossof process control are caused by one of several microbiological problems which include poor floc formation, pin floc, dispersed growth, filamentous and slime bulking, filamentous foaming, zoogloeal bulking, nitrification and denitrification problems and toxicity. Extended sludge age biological technology the biolac system is an innovative activated sludge process using extended retention of biological solids to create an extremely stable, easily operated system. The main control objective is to regulate the outflow water. Physical and chemical control of filaments and the causes and control of activated sludge foaming will be presented in a following second part. The activated sludge process is a complex microbial system used for biological wastewater treatment, i.
A technique for realtime control of the activated sludge process using specific oxygen uptake rate scour has been developed. Each box will either request more data or identify the issue. Mathematical modeling and computer simulation techniques were used. Activated sludge biological nutrient removal process variations western chapter spring wastewater conference may 17, 2016 dan miklos, senior associate, midwest region, hazen and sawyer.
The principle role microorganisms have in the activated sludge process is to convert dissolved and particulate organic matter, measured as biochemical oxygen demand bod, into cell mass. Discuss the problem of foaming in activated sludge plants. Activated sludge evaluating and controlling your process. Activated sludge process plants are good choices too for isolated facilities, such as hospitals or hotels, cluster situations, subdivisions, and small communities. Activated sludge design, startup, operation, monitoring. Activated sludge design, startup, operation, monitoring and.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Ron teaches sections of the water facility security and water distribution system courses, and also is the instructor of the uf dept. Activated sludge method, sewagetreatment process in which sludge, the accumulated, bacteriarich deposits of settling tanks and basins, is seeded into incoming waste water and the mixture agitated for several hours in the presence of an ample air supply. How to control activated sludge with online sensors. Activated sludge process for wastewater treatment anaerobic. In this process, a bacterial biomass suspension the activated sludge is responsible for the removal of pollutants. This course includes background on biological wastewater treatment, a general description of the activated sludge process, information. Water science and technology modelling and control of. Modelling and control of an activated sludge process using. Activated sludge process the activated sludge process is an aerobic, continuousflow system containing a mass of activated microorganisms that are capable of stabilizing organic matter. Activated sludge process, design criteria engineering. An aeration tank where air or oxygen is injected in the mixed liquor. Activated sludge evaluating and controlling your process by. Filamentous foaming and bulking in activated sludge.
Activated sludge process table of contents page acknowledgement abstract 1. Temperature effects on extended aeration activated sludge. Introduction the activated sludge process is a widely applied treatment technique to remove biodegradable pollutants. Activated sludge is commonly used as a wastewater treatment. To reduce energy consumption, and to achieve the desired denitrification, the activated sludge process sometimes needs to operate at low dissolved oxygen concentrations. The activated sludge process is one of the biological method of industrial waste waste treatment. April 11, 2017 dan miklos, senior associate, midwest region, hazen and sawyer. Typical flow diagram for an activatedsludge process control of the activatedsludge process is important to maintain a high treatment performance level under a wide range of operating conditions. Process control using sludge volume index treatment plant. Introduction the activated sludge process is very widely used for biological wastewater treatment. In this installment, i want to answer a few questions i received from readers, clarify the formula result, and discuss svi a little more in depth. Activated sludge we discuss the observation, testing, and calculation procedures that provide data about the status of the activated sludge process. There is a large varity of design, however, in principle all as consist of three main components. However, improved process control can be obtained by systematically looking at the problems and their potential causes.
The activated sludge process is the most commonly applied biological wastewater treatment technology. The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa the general arrangement of an activated sludge process for removing carbonaceous pollution includes the following items. It is a common aerobic treatment which reduces the amount of. This activated sludge training manual was prepared by the michigan department of environmental quality, operator training staff. Implementation of instrumentation, control, and automation ica is critical to reducing energy consumption for aeration. Also covered during this training is sludge quality indicators and process control indicators. The activated sludge process is an aerobic suspended growth treatment system in which microorganisms use the organic content of wastewater as an energy source and for survival and replication. In the activated sludge treatment process, the removal of suspended solids from wastewater is usually through gravity separation in a clarifier.
Ammonia troubleshooting activated sludge processes introduction. Suspended solids and many organic solids are absorbed or adsorbed by the sludge, while organic matter is oxidized by the microorganisms. The real heart of the activated sludge system is the development and maintenance of a mixed. Troubleshooting activated sludge processes introduction. Problems associated with the activated sludge process can usually be related to four conditions schuyler, 1995. Tnpop denitrification in activated sludge processes dr. The settled sludge is either returned ras or wasted was.
As a sewage and industrial wastewater treatment, it makes use of air and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa. In addition, we discuss in depth how to apply this data to the business of controlling your activated sludge treatment process. Denitrification in activated sludge processes larry w. Activated sludge is a biological process that utilizes microorganisms to convert organic and certain inorganic matter from wastewater into cell mass. Control of activated sludge, including troubleshooting. The paper they published in 1914, first used the term activated sludge. The principal factors in process control are the following. Practical control methods for activated sludge bulking and. Short term control methods long term control methods based on the methods in the 3rd edition manual on the causes and control of activated sludge bulking, foaming, and other solids separations problems and a presentation from dr. Modelling and control of activated sludge processes download modelling and control of activated sludge processes ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. A process to reduce the concentration of suspended matter in water.
Lockett, added the concept of recycling sludge and patented the process. Davyhulme sewage works, manchester, uk, first full. Notes on activated sludge process control page iii in the removal of carbonaceous bod, the coagulation of nonsettleable colloidal solids and the stabilization of organic matter are accomplished biologically using a variety of microorganisms, principally bacteria. Apr 15, 20, i discussed sludge volume index svi and its value as a process control tool.
The weight of microorganisms under aeration, from fm ratio and the operation of an activated sludge process gary lee mishoe gary lee mishoe, cao, is the utilities director for lake placid activated sludge process ranges for fm ratio control. The activated sludge is then separated from the liquid by clarification. Activated sludge contains a large number of aerobic bacteria and other organism and acts as a fertilizing constituent agent when it is mixed with raw sewage containing sufficient o 2, the. Fm ratio and the operation of an activated sludge process. Activated sludge calculations with excel ced engineering. The process consists of delivering clarified wastewater, after primary settling, into an aeration basin. Explain the rising sludge problems in an activated sludge plant. Activated sludge biological nutrient removal process. The activated sludge process is widely used by large cities and communities where large volumes of wastewater must be highly treated economically. Nitrification 60th annual kwwoa conference, session 1. Pdf switching control of an activated sludge process.
Making adjustments to one unit of the treatment system when the issue is located in another unit is a common mistake in troubleshooting the activated sludge process. The operation of activated sludge plants course covers the fundamentals of biological treatments, the suspended growth process, and activated sludge processes. Nutrient removal 101 process fundamentals and operation. Different configurations of the activated sludge process can be employed to ensure that the wastewater is mixed and aerated in an aeration tank. Activated sludge contains a large number of aerobic bacteria and other organism and acts as a fertilizing constituent agent when it is mixed with raw sewage containing sufficient o 2, the bacteria perform two. Activated sludge microbiology problems and their control. The objective of this talk is to make you aware of some of the typical microbial. Describe the rising sludge problems in an activated sludge plant. Michael richard entitled activated sludge microbiology problems and their control. Conventional, complete mix, step feed, or extended air less than and including l. The activated sludge process in1914, british researchers edward ardern and w. Process control using sludge volume index treatment. Practicing good activated sludge process control including regular microscopic examinations and filament identifications good reference.
Respond to the statement with a yes or no and follow the directions provided at the bottom of the chart. Once the cause is defined, control actions can be initiated to eliminate the problem. The asm2d model describes the activated sludge process, if nitrification and denitrification occur during different phases in a sequencing batch reactor sbr. The capabilities of this unique technology far exceed ordinary extended aeration treatment. Pdf notes on activated sludge process control krishna. The activated sludge excess biomass or cell mass removed from the secondary treatment process. Final nitrogen control in wastewater treatment plants v4. The activated sludge process has the advantage of removing organic matter from large volumes of wastewater in a relatively compact reactor. Davyhulme sewage works, manchester, uk, first fullscale activated sludge plant. An important feature of the activated sludge microbial system is its ability to separate by gravity under quiescent conditions.
The activated sludge process uses microorganisms to feed on organic contaminants in wastewater, produc ing a highquality effluent. Activated sludge as is a process dealing with the treatment of sewage and industrial wastewaters and developed around 19121914. Process control tests for domestic wastewater treatment facilities activated sludge facility. Describe troubleshooting methods for the activated sludge process. Activated sludge microbiology problems and solutions. Activated sludge treatment process concept and system design. Notes on activated sludge process control page ii total solids are defined as all the matter that remains as residue upon evaporation at 103 to 105 oc. In a conventional activated sludge process, microorganisms use oxygen to break down waste so it can be used as food for their growth and survival. Process control tests for domestic wastewater treatment. Process control with do and orp monitoring when aerator is off, must provide mixing. Many activated sludge configurations have evolved over the years, and, depending on the design, an activated sludge wwtp can. Primary control parameter is sludge age srt activated sludge process srt and wastewater characteristics determine mlss concentration srt must accommodate growth rate slower for nitrifiers nitrification srt is sensitive to. The activated sludge process consists of converting the suspended and particulate organic matter in the raw waste water into harmless end products and new cells growth with the help of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. The start of any problem solving has to involve microscopic examination of the activated sludge.
There are many methods of process control at an activated sludge. The activated sludge process has the advantage of producing a high quality effluent for a reasonable operating and mainte nance costs. Many problems can develop in activated sludge operation that adversely affect effluent quality with origins in the engineering, hydraulic and microbiological components of the process. The general process control method is to monitor sludge blanket level, svi sludge volume index, mcrt mean cell residence time, fm food to microorganism, as well as the biota of the activated sludge and the major nutrients do dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, bod biochemical oxygen demand, and cod chemical oxygen demand. Activated sludge process, design criteria engineering articles. Temperature effects on extended aeration activated sludge process.
Activatedsludge method sewage treatment britannica. Activated sludge process free download as powerpoint presentation. The federal water pollution control act amendments of 1972 public law 92500 established the national goals to restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the nations waters. Activated sludge process control and troubleshooting chart.